Glassware forming method and apparatus



April 1940- s. E. WINDER 2,198,750

GLASSWARE FORMING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet l 35 0071/6621 Wain/def.

April 30, 1940.

I Filed June 21"), 193"! 7 Sh eets-Sheet -2 '7 gw'uc wfo b Jamaal if: win/de l April 30, 1940. 5 w ER I 2,198,750

eLAsswARE FORMING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 o. I X6 58 7 l v T 72 fez/711226 1'". 20M

April 30, 1949- s. E. WINDER 2.198.750

GLASSWARE FORMING METHOD AND APPKRATUS Filed June 23, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 5001066 1'. winder;

April 30, 1940. S,E ,NDE 2.198.750

GLASSWARE FORMING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 25, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 amen/bow 9 0 I Jamaal 55: 2am

A ril 30, 1940. s, E 'NDER 2.198.750

GLASSWARE FORMING METHOD AND APPARATU Filed June 23, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet -7 -lllllil jam 4 winder;

25 present invention dispenses with the conventroduction of a puff of blowing air to form the 25 Patented Apr. 30, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE t r 2,198,750

, GLASSWARE FORMING METHOD AND APPARATUS Samuel E. Winder, Baltimore, Md., assignor to Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc., Baltimore, Md., a corporation of New York Application June 23, 1937, Serial No. 149,991

29 Claims. (01. 49-29) This invention relates to new and improved the formation of hollow articles of glassware'primethods of manufacturing hollow articles of marily by the use of centrifugal force set up in glassware, and to new and improved forms of a charge of glass in a mould cavity, the expansion apparatus for carrying out the methods. of the glass charge to correspond tothe form of It is a primary object of the invention to prothe mould being permitted by the introduction of 6 vide a method of and apparatus for completely ail, either at atmospheric P su e S h y forming an article of glassware in a single mould, above atmospheric pressure, into the interior of thus dispensing with the use of parison or blank the charge. Thus, in practicing the method a. moulds such as are universally used in'convencharge of glass is placed in a mould, the open 10 tional bottle blowing machines. It is a further end of the mould closed, and the glass subjected 10 object of theinvention to eliminate entirely the to centrifugal force'by spinning the mould. In use of conventional blowing operations in shapaccordance with a preferred method, a vacuum is ing a charge of glass into the desired finished utilized to compact the glassin the neck finish; form. Another object is to produce articles of Air is introducedthroughthe mouth forming pin glassware characterized by an improved, uniof the mould toforma bubble interiorly of the 15 form distribution of glass throughout the walls of charge. As the mould continues spinning, the

the article; a more compact and dense wall centrifugal force in the glasscauses it to expand,

structure; and a. more .uniform, compact, and and the bubble enlarges as additional air flows dense neck finish. thereinto through the mouth forming pin, until According to the basic principleof the presthe glass covers the entire inner moulding sur- 20 ent invention, hollow articles of glassware are face of the mould and the bubble now forms the formed in a mould corresponding to the shape hollow interior of the-article of glassware. As an of the finished article, by the influence of cen alternative method, the invention contemplates trifugal force on the glass in the mould. The initiating the formation of the article by the intional operations of blowing or pressing a charge bubble in the'charge. This step may be used of glass into the form of a parison in a parison with or without a vacuum pull-down. As still mould, transferring the blank or parison to a another alternativathe vacuum may be applied finish mould and blowing the'blank to final form to the portion of the mould which forms the in the latter. Instead of expanding a charge of bottom of thearticle, to hold the charge of glass 30 glass ora glass parison into desired shape by on'the bottom during the spinning. In this relatively high air pressure inside of the charge method, the glass will rapidly flow or roll along of parison, the charge, in accordance with the the surfaces of the mould toward the opposite present invention, is expanded by the action of end, where the neck finish ring is positioned.

centrifugal force set up in the glass itself. Such The glass will be packed into the neck finish 35 action results in a markedly improved product, of'the mould under considerable pressure by the because it islwell understood that an even discentrifugal force existing in the glass resulting tribution of glass in the 'walls of a glass article, from the spinning. such as a bottle or jar, is practically impossible Preferably the method also includes a step of 40 n o ed blowing machines of convention type, inverting the mould from its upright charge re- 40 because of the unequal cooling of certain portions ceiving position to a downwardly disposed disof the parison, and the consequent unequal excharge position, and preferably, though not necpansion of the parison to finished form. v essarily,-the mould is rapidly spun about its axis In accordance with the: present invention, a during the downward swing thereof. a charge of glass is deposited in a mould-corre- Other objects and advantages of the invention "45 spondingto the form of the finished article and will be apparent to one skilled in the art from a the charge is distributed evenly and uniformly consideration of the following description of a over the entire surface of the mould by centrifuv preferred embodiment'o'f the invention. gal forceset up in the molten glass itself. In Inthe accompanying drawings:

addition to securing an improved distribution Figure 1 is a side'elevation of a machine in 50 of glass in the walls of the article, the centrifugal accordance with the present invention.

force serves to increase the ensity of the glass Figure 2 is a top plan view. and to eliminate flaws such as blisters and the Figure 3 isa front elevation. I like. Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical section through The method of the invention comprises broadly the mould and associated parts. 55

Figure is a similar sectional view of a modified form of mould.

Figure 6 is a detail taken on line 6-6 of Figure4.

Figure 7 is an elevation, partly in section, taken on line 1-1 of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is an elevation with certain parts broken away and other parts in section, showing the main cam shaft, its operating mechanism and certain of the air control valves, this view being taken substantially on line 8-8 of Figure 2.

Figure 9 is a similar view taken on line 9-9 of Figure 2.

Figure 10 is a vertical, transverse, sectional view of a portion "of the rear end of the machine, taken from the left of Figure 1, substantially on line |8-|8 of Figure 1.

Figure 11 is a horizontal section taken on line of Figure 10, and l Figure 12 is a side elevation with certain parts brokenaway and other parts shown in section,

showing a portion of the driving means and the control therefor, taken from the right side of Figure 10.

mounted on wheels 6, so that it can be moved toward and away from a feeder of any desired type. plates or castings l1, I8 projects upwardly from the base l5. At its upper-end, the frame supports a transverse casting l9, having formed, integrally therewith, a cylindrical sleeve 28, enclosing an internahrotatably mounted sleeve 2| (Fig. 4.). This internal sleeve is appropriately journalled, by means of bushings or bearings 22, for rotation in the stationary,'outer sleeve 28. At its rear end (Fig. 12) the sleeve 2| carries a large worm follower gear 23, in mesh with a worm 24, by means of which intermittent, partial rotation of the sleeve 2| may be effected, as hereinafter described. v

At its forward end (Fig. 4) the sleeve 2| is extended and shaped'to provide 'a rotatable head having diametrically opposed, flattened supporting surfaces25, 26. Bolted to the surface 25 is a bracket 21 having an outwardly projecting portion 28 in which is formed a circular aperture 29. A pair of cooperating ball bearing and race assemblies 30,"3| are mounted above and below the central web of this projected portion and rotatably' supported thereon is a spindle 32, carrying at its upper end a cage 33. At the lower end of the spindle there is a bevelled'gear 34, appropriately secured thereon, as by threads 35. The bevel gear 34 is in mesh with a similar gear 36 fixed to the end of a shaft 31 journalledin the reduced end 38 of the rotatable sleeve 2|, by appropriate ball thrust bearings 39. The opposite end of the shaft 31 (Fig. 12) is journalled in. a collar or hub48 associated with the large worm follower 23. When rotation is imparted to the shaft 31 by means hereinafter described, the gears 36 and 34 will impart rotation to the spindle 32 and to the cage 33 supported thereon.

inwardly projecting cam or wedge members 4|, 42 adapted to bear against corresponding surfaces 43, 44 formed on the exterior of the mould halves 45, 46. The mould halves are secured at theirlower ends to link elements 41, 48, pivoted at 49, 58 between outwardly projecting pairs of ears 5|, 52, formed integrally with or attached to a core 53 disposed centrally within the spindle 32. This core member is threaded to the upper end The machine preferably comprises a base l5.

A supporting frame comprising spaced nels.

The upper end of the cage 33 is provided with 54 of a squared shaft 55 which extends axially of the spindle for relative longitudinal movement therein, to effect opening and closing of the mould, as hereinafter described.

Bolted to the upper side of the bracket 21 is an upstanding post 56 carrying at its upper end a fulcrum piece 51 uponwhich a lever 58 is mounted for pivoting movement. Any appropriate means such as a set screw 1| may be provided for adjusting the vertical position of the fulcrum piece 51, to accommodate moulds of different vertical dimensions.

One end of the lever 58 carries a mould closure member 59, adapted to be swung down to close the open end of the associated mould. This closure member is journalled, by means of ball bearings 68 or the like, for rotation about the axis of the short spindle 6|. The other end of the lever 58 is connected by means of an adjustable link 62 to the piston rod 63 of an air motor 64. When air is admitted to and exhausted from opposite ends of the motor 64, the lever 58 is oscillated to open and close the upper end of the mould, as hereinafter described. v

The lower supporting surface 26 of the rotatable sleeve 2| carries a depending bracket or frame 65 bolted orotherwise securedthereto. The bracket 65 carries the-cylinder 66 of an air motor, having its piston rod 61 connected to the squared shaft 55 by a ball bearing coupling 68, whereby the shaft 55 may rotate about its axis, without imparting rotation to the piston rod 61 or the piston mounted within the cylinder 66.

Referring to Figures 4 and 6, the rotatable sleeve 2| has secured thereto a radially projecting air distributing plate 18 provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves or channels-1|, 12, 13, 14 in its rear face. Packing rings are disposed adjacent these channels or grooves to prevent the escape of air. The stationary sleeve 28 is provided with a circular flange 16,'cooperating with the distributing plate to close the chan- The 'flange 16 is drilled at appropriate points (Fig. 2) to give access to each of the channels 1|-14-, and pipes 11, 18: 19, 88 are con- ,nected at those points respectively. The distributing plate 18 is likewise appropriately drilled (Fig. 6) and pipes 8|, 82, 83, 84 are connected to register with the channels 1|-14, respectively. By means of these pipes and channels, operating air can be admitted atpredetermined times to opposite ends of-the cylinders 64, 66 respectively, by valve means hereinafter described.

The power transmission means and the timing means forthe machine will now be described. The pulley or sprocket wheel 85 (Fig. 2) is driven from any suitable source of power, such as an electrically driven speed variator, at an adjustable, but normally constant, rate of speed. The pulley 85 is fixed-upon a transverse shaft 86 havinga pair of pulleys or sprockets 81, 88 fixed to its other end. A belt or chain 89 extends downwardly from the pulley 88 and is trained about a pulley 98 mounted on a transverse stub shaft 9| supported in a bracket 92 extending upwardly from the bed of the machine (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). The shaft 9| carries at its opposite'end an adjustable eccentric pin 93, (Fig. 8) to which is attached a pitman 94 which is supported at its other end by a lever 94' pivoted about the shaft I88,

hereinafter mentioned. The pitman carries at its free end, a pawl 95, pressed downwardly by a spring 96. The eccentric pin 93 is mounted on a block 91 (Fig. 8) which is adjustable in a groove 98 in the hub on the end of shaft 9|, to-permit adjustments as to the throw of the eccentric.

- Consequently, the pulley 90 and the pawl and are adjustably secured four cams IIII, I02, I03v and I04. The first cam IOI controls the flow of operating air to the large air motor 66; the second cam I 02 controls the operating air to the cylinder 64; the third cam I03 controls the transmission of power to spin the mould; and the fourth cam I04 controls the vacuum which may be applied to the bottom of the mould when the charge is deposited therein, all as hereinafter described. v

During the operation of the machine the shaft 86 and the pulleys 81, 88 are rotated continuously.

ratchet mechanism serve to impart constant intermittent motion to the shaft I00 and the cams carried thereby. 'Pivotally mounted on the upstanding bracket 92 is a bell crank lever I05 having a roller I06 in engagement with the periphery of the cam IN. The other end of the bell crank is connected to the barrel I01 of a slide valve I08. Referring to Figure 8, the conduit I09 leads from a suitable source of air under pressure to the casing I 08. .When the valve is in the position shown, air under pressure flows through the pipe 19 to groove 13 in the distributing plate and thence to the pipe 83 leading to the upper end of the cylinder 66, thereby forcing the piston in the cylin-' der 66 downwardly and drawing the spindle 32 and the mould parts carried thereby downwardly in the cage, so that the wedge surfaces 43, 44 on the mould engage the surfaces 4|, 42 associated with the cage to maintain the mould parts closed. When the bell crank lever I05 is in the opposite position, i. e., when the roller I06 drops into the valley I0 I air will obviously flow from the pressure line I09 to and through the pipe 80, groove 14 and the pipe 84 to the lower end of the cylinder 66 to move the mould outwardly with respect to the cage to cause an opening of the mould, the

' air return from the upper end of the cylinder 66 being permitted through the pipe 15 and channel I I01 of the valve barrel I01.

In Figure 9, the valve mechanism for controlling the operation of the small air motor 64 is shown. The camI02, adjustably fixed 0n the shaft I00, is provided with a valley IOI' in which the'roller IIO of bell crank III may be drawn by spring III. The bell crank III is connected to a valve assembly I I2, which may be substantially identical to that shown in Figure 8 and described above. Air from the source of supply enters the valve through pipe H3 and is distributed, alter-,

nately, to pipes 11 and 18 which lead respectively through channels H and 12 to pipes BI, 82. When the roller H0 is in the valley of the'cam,

air under pressure will flow from the pipe II3.

through the pipe 18, distributing groove 12 and the pipe 82 to the lower end of the cylinder 64, to rock the lever 58 and applythe mould closure piece 59 to the mould to close the mould. On the contrary, when the bell crank III is shifted to the other position, air will flow from the pipe I I3 to the pipe 11, and through the distributing groove H to the pipe 8| and thence to the upper end of the cylinder to effect opening of the mould by removal of the member 59.

At the extreme opposite end of the cam shaft I00 isanother cam I04 (Fig. '1) construc ed in substantially the same manner as the cams IOI and I02.- This cam is connected by a bell crank II4 to a slide valve II5, which controls the application of vacuum to the lower end of the mould. Pipe I I6 is connected to asuitable source of vacuum, such as a vacuum pump and tank. Pipe II1 leads to the mould as hereinafter described. The barrel of the valve II 5 is provided with apertures which bring the pipes H6 and I I1 into communication in one position, and with a slot or the like I I8 which, in the other position of the valve, places the pipe II1 incommunication with atmosphere. The cam I04 is adjustably secured on the shaft I00 so as to apply the vacuum to the-mould at predetermined times in the cycle of operation of the machine. i

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, it will be seen that the vacuum pipe II 1 leads forwardly and then upwardly to a pointin alignment with the axis of the sleeve 2I, at which point there is positioned a rotatable joint II9. Swivelled axially in the joint I I9 is an elbow I20 connected by pipes I2I to the projecting portion 28 of the bracket 21. The bracket is provided (Fig. 4) with a passage I22 communicating with an annular recess I23. The spindle 32 is provided with a bore I24 communicating with the recess I23 at its lower end and provided with any suitable connection at its upper end, such as a flexible rubber hose I25 to the interior of the vertically movable core 53. By means of passages I26, the interior of the core is in communication with the bottom of the neck finish portion I21 of the mould, the latter being defined by a neck ring and a mouth forming pin I28. The pin I20 is provided with apertures I29 communicating with its hollow interior I30 and the latter is open to atmosphere by means of the The main frame of the machine is provided with a pair of rearwardly projecting arms I32, I33 (Figs. 1 and 2) in the outer end of which a shaft I34 is mounted. A bell crank lever I35 is fixed on the shaft adjacent the supporting arm I32. At the other side of the machine a straight lever I36 is fixed to and extends upwardly from the shaft I34 in parallel relationto the upright arm of bell crank I35. A transverse shaft I31 is journalled for rotation in the upper end of the bell crank I35 and in the upper end of the straight lever I36. This shaft I31 carries a pulley or sprocket I38 having a belt or chain I39 trained l about its periphery and about the pulley 81 (Figs. 1 and 2). The shaft I31 also. carries a friction driving .wheel I 40 splined, thereon for longitudinal movement over the face of afriction driven disc I4I secured to the rear end of the shaft 31 (Figs. 2 and -12). The friction driving wheel I40 is provided with an elongated hub I42 .having a clutch groove I 43 therein which receives a shifting fork I44. The rear end of the fork is threaded on a transverse rod I45 mounted in ofiset portions I46, I41 of the bell crank lever I35,

and the straight lever I36 respectively. By manipulation of'the hand wheel I48, the fork I44 and the friction wheel I40 may lie shifted relatively across the face of the driving disc I4I to adjust and change the speed ratio between the.

driving member I 40 and the driven member \4I.

1 Referring to Figure 12, it will be noted that the lower, horizontal arm I49 of the bell crank I35 is urged downwardly by a compression spring I50, whereby the friction wheel I40 is normally urged into engagement with the disc I. Beneath this arm I49 there is positioned a vertical rod I5I guided in brackets I52 and provided at its upper end with an adjustable head in the form of a bolt I53. As shown in Figure 8, the lower end of the rod I 5I is positioned immediately above an offset portion I54 of a lever I55 pivoted at I56 and provided with a. roller I51 engaging the cam I03, heretofore mentioned. When the lever I55 is rocked toward the left in Figure 8, the rod I5I will be raised slightly,

thereby rocking the bell crank I35 rearwardly' and moving the driving wheel I40 out of engageent with the driven disc I4I, thereby terminating I the transmission of power to the shaft 31 and,

through the gears 36, 34, to the mould supportingspindle 32.

The main drive shaft 86, which is constantly rotating. when the machine is in operation, carries a worm 24 (Figs. 10 and 11) loosely mounted for relative rotation with respect thereto, but restrained against endwise movement by any suitable means, such as a sleeve or collar I58. One end of the worm is connected to a clutch hub I59 having a plurality of teeth I60 on its end face. A complemental clutch member I6I is splined upon the shaft 86 for longitudinal movement with respect to the clutchhub I59. This movement is controlled by a fork I62 disposed in a groove I63 of the member I6I and pinned or otherwise secured to a transverse clutch control rod I64 (Fig. 11). The fork member is additionally provided with an upwardly projecting abutment finger I65, by, means of which the rod I64 and the fork may be shifted in one-direction to disengage the clutch teeth I60. This shifting movement is effected by duplicate latch mechanisms carried on the front face of the large worm followers 23. As shown in Figure 10, in dotted lines, each latch mechanism comprises-a block I66,a pivoted detent I61 and a light leaf spring I 68. When the worm follower 23 is being rotated in a-clockwise direction (Fig. 10), the detent I61 will ultimately engage the upstanding finger I65 and shift the fork I62 and the clutch member I6I toward the left to disengage the clutch members and terminate the transmission of driving force from the constantly rotating shaft 86, upon which the clutch-element I6I is splined, to the worm 24, the worm follower 23 and the rotatable sleeve 2I. It will beremembered, of course, that the sleeve 2I carries the mould supporting frame, the air motors and associated parts. As indicated in Figure 10, the worm follower 23 is preferably provided with two latch mechanisms I66,-

to interrupt the rotation of the sleeve 2I at two points in each complete rotation of 860". As hereinafter explained, one interruption is to permit charging of the mould, and the other to permit the discharged the completed article of glassware.

Automatic means for shifting the clutch controlling rod I64 to driving position are provided. Preferably this means comprises another cam member I10 (Fig. 3) fixed on the main cam shaft I00 having two humps or projections "I on its outer face. A vertical shaft I12 (Figs. 2, 3, '1 and 11) is provided with an ofiset arm I13 carrying a roller I14 adapted to be engaged by the projections I1I, associated with the cam member I10, to oscillate the shaft I12. At its upper end shaft I12 (Fig. 11) carries a projecting fin-.

ger I15 in engagement with the adjacent end I16 of the transversely disposed clutch controlling shaft I64. Thus, when the projections "I on the cam I10 engage the roller I14 to'oscillate the shaft I12, the finger I15 associated with that shaft will shift the clutch member I6I into driving engagement with the clutch member I59, whereby the worm 24 and the parts associated therewith are rotated until the driving engagement is again interrupted by one of the latch mechanisms I66.

In the modified form of mould construction shown in Figure 5, the neck finish I is disposed at the upper end of the mould. The vacuum is applied to the bottom end of the mould through passages I8I leading to the hollow interior of the core 53 in substantially the same manner as previously described. In this form of the invention, the mould closure member I82 cooperates with the neck ring I83 to form the finish. In some cases, it is found desirable to form the bottle or jar in a mould of this type, but the vacuum pull-down into the neck finish, as shown in Fig-v ure 4, is preferred; I

It will be noted from the above that the machine includes many adjustable features, which permit great flexibility of action. The speed of the main driving pulley 85 may be adjusted through wide limits by adjusting the associated speed variator which is connected in driving relation to the pulley 85. The speed of rotation of the spindle 32 relative to the rotation of the main sleeve 2I may be varied by shifting the friction driving wheel I40 radially along the face of the disc I, by manipulation of the hand wheel I48. is'lhus, by adjusting the speed variator controlling the rotation of the shaft 86 and I40, the time cycle of the intermittent partial rotations of the sleeve 2| maybe changed while maintaining the spinning speed of the mould constant, or, the speed of the mould rotation may be changed while maintaining the time cycle of the sleeve constant.

The speed of movement of the cam shaft I00 and of the cams carried thereby may be changed without changing the aforementioned adjustments. Byshifting the eccentric pin 93 radially with respect to the center of the shaft 9|, the stroke of the pawl 95 may be varied, to change the number of teeth skipped during each stroke, and consequently the speed of the ratchet wheel 90. The cams are all preferably adjustably mounted on the shaft I00, so that the timing of the various operations controlled by these cams may be changed at will by shifting the cams circumferentially with respect to the shaft.

Moreover, the invention contemplates using cams of a known type having adjustable lobes thereon,

adapted to change the shapes of the cam sur- I of the machine are adjustable in time with respect to the others.

In the operation of the machine of the present invention and in performing the novel method thereof, the machine, at the start of a cycle, will be in substantially the position shown in Figure 1, with the exception that the air motor will be in the position to maintain the mould closure 75 member 59 in the open position. The main drive I shaft 86, of course, will be rotating, and the ,being more fluid and at a higher temperature than is conventionally used in gob fed bottle blowing machines.

The cams are so arranged that, as soon as the charge has been placed in the mould, the roller IIO will drop down into the valley I III of the cam I02, thereby shifting the valve II2, so that operating air is conducted, through the pipes 18 and 82 to the lower end of the cylinder 64 to lower the mould closure member 59 and close the mould.

As soon as this has occurred, or simultaneously therewith, the roller I51 will drop into the valley of the cam I03 (Figs. 8 and 9) and the bell crank lever I35 will be shifted by the spring I50 to force the driving wheel I40 into engagement with the disc I, whereupon the shaft 31 will impart a similar rapid rotation to the spindle 32, the mould cage 33 and the mould supported therein, thereby subjecting the charge of glass to a sufficiently high degree of centrifugal force.

Simultaneously with the initiation of this rotation, or, in fact, preferably shortly prior thereto, the vacuum valve II5 (Fig. 7) will have been shifted by the cam I04 to apply vacuum to the neck finish of the mould, so that the glass, as soon as it is placed in the mould, will be com- I pacted in the neck finish.

In predetermined timed relation to the initiation of rotation of the mould about its axis, one of the humps or projections "I will serve to oscillate the shaft I12 *and shift the clutch member I6I into engagement with the clutch I59, whereupon driving force is transmitted to the worm 24 and thence to the worm follower 23, to rotate the sleeve 2I and to revolve the mould relatively slowly about the'axis of the sleeve 2I.

The m'ould will continue spinning about its own axis as it is revolved or swung about the axis of the sleeve. Due to the centrifugal force set up in the glass by the rotation of the mould, the glass will flow outwardly and upwardly along the sides of the mould, the expansion of the glass being permitted by the in-fiow of atmospheric air into the interior of the charge of glass through the vent opening I3I' and passages I29 (Fig. 4). In a very short space of time, theglass will completely cover the inner surface of the mould and of the closure plate 59 and the article of glassware will be completely formed.

The mould may continue spinning until it reaches the diametrically opposite position from that shown in Figures 1 and 4, i. e., until it is positioned directly downwardly, with the air motor 66 positioned upwardly. Thereupon, the cam I02 will shift the valve I I2 to conduct pressure air from pipe II3 through pipe 11, distributing groove H and pipe BItotheupper end of the cylinder 64, to open the'mould by removing the closure plate 59. Simultaneously, or immediately thereafter, the cam I I will cause roller I06 to drop into the valley IN, to shift the valve I01 so that operating air will flow from the pipe I09 through pipe 80, distributing groove 14 and pipe' 84 tothe outer end of the air motor 66, which serves to move the mould longitudinally with respect to the cage to open the mould and permit the discharge of the bottle. As soon as the bottle has been discharged, the mould halves preferably close, leaving the closure piece 59 open; and the clutch I59, I6I is again brought into engagement to impart rotation to the worm follower 23, whereupon the sleeve 2| and the parts carried thereby are returned to the initial charging position. The cam I03 is preferably so shaped that the mould is not spun about its axis during the return oscillation from the discharge position to the charging position.

It is thought that the method of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from a' consideration of the above description of the operation of the machine. When using a mould of the type shown in Figure 4, a charge of glass is placed in the mould and the neck finish portion is filled by the application of vacuum. As the mould is spun, centrifugal force will im part an expansive tendency to the glass and air will fiow through the openings I29 in the neck pin to form a bubble interiorly of the charge to permit this expansion. As the centrifugal force continues, the charge will expand tothe form of a mould, and the bubble will assume the shape of the interior of the article of glassware, additional air flowing into the interior to permit this action. If desired, the passage I3I may be connected to a suitable source of air under pressure to initiate the formation of the bubble and to assist in the expansion of the glass.

In the method according to Figure 5, a charge of glass is placed in the mould and vacuum is applied to the bottom forming surface thereof through the passages I8I. This serves to hold the glass on the bottom, so that an unduly thinned walled lower endof the article is not formed. Under the influence of centrifugal force, the glass will .flow upwardly along the mould walls and into the neck finished portion I80. The downwardly projecting flange I82 0f the mould closure member I82 will ,act as a dam to prevent the flow of glass across the mouth of the article. The glass is tightly compacted in the neck finish portion by the action ofcentrifugal force and this packing is assisted by gravity when the mould is inverted. I

The spinning of the mould preferably continues just long enough to assure that the glass has solidified and that the article will be self-sustaining, whereupon the spinning action stops and the mould is opened to permit discharge of a completed article of glassware.

shown. Many modifications of the invention will occur to one skilled in the art and all such "changes as come within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents are within the invention. 0 l

1. The method of forming hollow glass articles comprising providing a completely enclosed mould cavity of substantially the form of the finished article, opening the mould and depositing a charge of glass therein, closing the mould, forming an air bubble in the interior of the charge, rotating the surfaces of the mould cavity and subjecting the glass to centrifugal force, expanding the 'glass and said bubble by said centrifugal force to cause the glass to assume the form of the mould cavity, and, during the subjection of the glass to said centrifugal expanding force, admitting additional air at atmospheric pressure into said bubble to permit the same to increase in volume with the expansion of said charge.

2. The method of forming articles of glassware comprising providing a completely enclosed mould cavity of substantially the form of the finished article of glassware, depositing a charge of glass therein, applying a partial vacuum to the glass at the end of the mould cavity remote from the charging end to compact the glass upon the moulding surfaces at the first mentioned end, rotating the surfaces of the mould cavity and expanding the charge of glass to hollow form over the surface of the mould cavity by the resulting centrifugal force while maintaining the glass compacted against the moulding surfaces at the first-mentioned end of the mould.

3. The method of forming hollow articles of glassware which comprises providing an openended mould of substantially the form of the finished article, depositing a charge of glass in the mould through the open end, applying a partial vacuum to the closed end of the mould and thereby compacting a portion of the charge against the moulding surfaces at that end, closing the open end of the mould, rotating the mould about its longitudinal axis and distributing the glass over the inner surfaces of the of the mould.

mould by the resulting centrifugal force while maintaining a layer of compacted glass against the moulding surfaces at said closed end.

4. The method of forming hollow articles of glassware which comprises providing a completely enclosed mould of substantially the form of the finished article with its longitudinal axis positioned substantially vertically and havin neck finish forming surfaces at one end and bottom forming surfaces at the other end. openin one end of the mould, depositing a charge of moltenglass in the mould, closing the openend of the mould and applying a vacuum to the opposite end to compact the glass against the forming surfaces at that end, rotating the mould about its longitudinal axis and distributing the. glass over the inner surface of the mould by the resulting centrifugal force, and. while the mould is spinning, swinging the mould about a horizontal axis to a downwardly disposed position.

5. The methodof forming hollow articles of glassware in a completely enclosed mould of substantially the form of the finished article, comprising opening the upper end of the mould and depositing a charge of glass therein, closing that end of the mould, rotating the mould about its longitudinal axis to subject the charge of glass to centrifugal force, and admitting air at atmospheric pressure into a central portion of the charge through the opposite, closed end of the mould to'permit the charge to expand under the influence of said centrifugal force. and continuing the rotation of the mould until the-char e of glass has covered the interior moulding surfaces 6. The method of forming hollow articles of glassware in a mould of substantially the form of the finished article, said mould having a neck finish end positioned downwardly and with a mouth forming pin pointing upwardly, which comprises depositing a charge of glass in the mould. applying a vacuum to the neck finishing portion of the mould to compact the glass there in, rotating the mould about its longitudinal axis to subject the charge of glass' to centrifugal force, and admitting air through the mouth forming pin into the interior of the charge t permit the latter to expand under the influenc of centrifugal force to cover the interior mould ing surfaces of the mould.

7. The method of forming hollow articles 0 glassware in a mould of substantially the form 0 the finished article, said mould having a neci finish end positioned downwardly and with mouth forming pin pointing upwardly, whic comprises depositing a charge of glass in th mould, applying a vacuum to the neck finishin portion of the mould to compact the glass there in, rotating the mould about its longitudinal axi to subject the charge of glass to centrifugal fOICl admitting air through the mouth forming pin int the interior of the charge to permit the latter t expand under the influence of centrifugal forc to cover the interior moulding surfaces of ti mould, and continuing the rotation of the moul and maintaining the glass in contact with ti mould by said centrifugal force until the charg of glass has cooled sufficiently to be self-sustain ing, whereby a finished article of glassware formed.

8. The method of forming an article of glas: ware which comprises depositing a charge of gla: in a mould of substantially the form of ti finished article, compacting the glass in the ne( finish portion of the mould by differential a pressure in the neck finish and above the charg rotating the mould about its longitudinal ax and thereby subjecting the glass to centrifug: force, admitting air to the interior of the char; at a point above the neck finish to permit ti charge to expand under the influence, of sa: centrifugal force. and continuing the rotation l the mould until the charge has expanded to cov the interior moulding surfaces of the mould.

. 9. An apparatus for forming articles of glas, ware comprising a mould having a neck fini: portion and a mouth forming pin, means fl creating a partial vacuum in the neck finish po tion to compact a charge of glass therein, meai for rotating the mould about its longitudinal ax to subject the charge of glass to centrifugal forc and means for introducing air through said mou forming pin into the interior of the charge permit it to expand under the influence of cei trifugal force, and means for terminating t] rotation of the mould when the glass has cover the interior moulding surfaces of the mould.

10. An apparatus for forming articles of glas ware comprising a mould positioned with its ne forming portion disposed downwardly and inclu ing an upwardly projecting mouth forming pin moulding relation to said neck finish portic means for creating a partial vacuum in the ne finish portion to compact a charge of glass ther in, means for rotating the mould about the a: of the mouth forming pin to subject the char of glass in the mould to centrifugal force, a conduit means extending through said pin atmosphere to conduct atmospheric air throu said pin into the interior of said charge of gl: to permit the latter to expand into hollow f0] under the influence of said centrifugal force.

11. An apparatus for forming hollow artic of glassware comprising a mould having a ne finish portion and a mouth forming pin dispos concentrically with respect thereto, means compacting a charge of glass' in theneck fini portion, means for forming a bubble in the g1: adjacent the tip of theneck forming pin, a means for rotating the mould and expanding i bubble and the charge of glass: under the infiuei arosnuo of centrifugal force to form the charge into a shape corresponding to the moulding surfaces of the mould.

12. A forming machine for glassware comprising a support, a sleeve mounted for rotation on a horizontal axis on said support, a mould carried by said sleeve for inversion and reversion upon rotation of the sleeve, said mould being mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of the sleeve, means for opening one end of the mould when in a charge receiving position, means for applying a vacuum to theclosed end of the mould when a charge is received therein to compact the charge of glass against the moulding surfaces at that end, means for closing the open end of the mould, means operative thereafter for rotating the mould about its axis, means for rotating said sleeve to invert the mould, and means for opening the mould when inverted.

13. A forming machine for glassware comprising a support, a sleeve mounted for rotation on a horizontal axis on said support, a mould carried by said sleeve for inversion and reversion upon rotation of the sleeve, said mould having a neck finish portion at its end adjacent the sleeve and a bottom forming end remote therefrom, said mould 'being mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of the sleeve, means for opening the bottom forming end of the mould when in a charge receiving position, means for applying a vacuum to .the neck finish end of the mould when a charge is received therein to compact the glass in the neck finish, means for closing the bottom forming end of the mould, means operative thereafter for rotating the mould about its axis, means for rotating said sleeve to invert the mould, and means for opening the mould when inverted.

14. A forming machine for glassware comprising a support, a sleeve.mounted for rotation on a horizontal axis on said support, a mould carried by said sleeve for inversion and reversion upon rotation of the sleeve, saidmould having its bottom forming portion at. its end adjacent the sleeve, said mould being rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis and at right angles to the axis of the sleeve, means for opening the neck forming end of the mould when in a charge receiving position, means for applying a vacuum to the bottom forming .end of the mould when a charge is received therein, means for closing the neck forming end of the mould, means operative thereafter for rotating the mould about its axis, means for rotating said sleeve to invert the mould, and means for opening the mould when inverted.

15. A forming machine for glassware comprising a mould, pneumatic means for opening and closing the mould, mechanical power means for rotating the mould about its longitudinal axis, means for revolving the mould about an axis at 'right angles to said longitudinal axis, and valve horizontal axis at right angles to the mould axis while the mould is rotating, and valve means operated'in timed relation to said last-mentioned means for controlling the operation of said pneumatic means to open and close the mould at predetermined times in the cycle of revolution of said mould.

17. A forming machine for glassware comprising a mould supported for rotation about its ion--- gitudinal axis, the support for said mould being rotatable about a horizontal axis at right angles to the said mould axis, pneumatic means for opening and closing the mould, mechanical means for rotating the mould about its axis, additional mechanical means for rotating the mould support, cam controlled means for controlling the operation of said pneumatic means to open and close the mould, and additional cam controlled means for initiating and terminating rotation of the-mould about its axis, and for initiating and terminating rotation of the support about its axis,

all in timed relation to the operations of said pneumatic means.

18. A forming machine for glassware comprising a mould journalled for rotation about its longitudinal axis on a support which is rotatable axis from a charge receiving position to a discharge position, to terminate the rotation of the mould and the support at the latter position, and then .to open the mould to discharge an article therefrom.

19. A forming machine for glassware comprising a mould journalled for rotation about its longitudinal axis on a support which is rotatable about a horizontal axis at right angles to the mould axis, pneumatic means mounted on said support for closing and opening the mould, mechanical means for rotating the mould on its axis, mechanical means for rotating the support on its axis of rotation, cam operated control devices for said means, and a common shaft having cams thereon for operating said devices and effective to close the mould after a charge of glass has been deposited therein, to rotate the mould on its axis tosubject the glass to centrifugal force, to rotate the support and thereby swing the mould about said horizontal axis from a charge receiving position to a discharge position, to terminate the rotation of the mould and, the support at the latter position, and then to open the mould to discharge an article therefrom.

20. A centrifugal glassware forming machine comprising a support, a frame mounted thereon for rotation on a horizontal axis, a mould comprising partible body sections and an end closure member journalled on said frame for rotation on an axis at right angles to said horizon tal axis, an air motor on the frame for moving the end closure member to open and close the mould, a second air motor for opening and closing the body sections, means on said support for initiating and terminating rotation of said frame and said mould in predetermined timed-relation to each other and at predetermined points in the cycle of rotation of the frame, and additional means for operating said air motors in predetermined timed relation to each other and to the rotation of said frame.

21. A centrifugal glassware forming machine comprising a support, a frame mounted thereon for rotation on a horizontal axis, a mould comprising partible body sections and an end closure member journalled on said frame for rotation on an axis at right angles to said horizontal axis, an air motor on the frame for moving the end closure member to open and close the mould, a second air motor for opening and closing the body sections, a cam shaft on said support, means operated by said shaft for controlling the rotation of said frame and the rotation of said mould, and additional valve means controlled by said shaft for operating said air motors in predetermined timed relation to the rotative movements of said frame.

22. A centrifugal glassware forming machine comprising a support, a frame mounted there-- on for rotation on a horizontal axis, a mould comprising partible body sections and an end closure member journalled on said frame for rotation on an axis at right angles to said horizontal axis, an air motor on the frame for moving the end closure member to open and close the mould, a second air motor for opening and closing the body sections, a shaft mounted for rotation on said support, and a plurality of cams fixed thereon, one of said cams controlling the rotation of said mould, another of said cams controlling initiation. of rotation of said frame, and other of said cams controlling the operations of said air motors in predetermined timed relation .to the rotation of said frame.

23. A centrifugal forming machine for glassware comprising a support rotatable about a horizontal axis, a cage thereon .journalled for rotation about an axis at right angles to said with respect thereto for opening and closing the mould, an air motor at the other end of the frame horizontal axis, a mould in said cage comprising partible body sections and a relative movable end member, air motors carried by said support adapted to move said end member and to effect relative movement between said mould and cage to open and close the former, and valve means for controlling the operation of said air motors in predetermined timed relation to the rotation of said support.

24. A centrifugal glassware forming machine comprising a support, a frame rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis on said support, a mould holding cage at one end of the frame, a mould in the cage mounted for longitudinal movement connected to said mould for moving the latter relative to the cage, means for intermittently rotating the frame to invert and revert the mould, and valve means for controlling the flow of air to said' motor to open and close said mould at predetermined times in the cycle of rotation of said frame.

25. A centrifugal glassware forming machine comprising a support, a frame rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis on said support, a mould holding cage at one end of the frame, a mould in the cage mounted for longitudinal movement wii respect thereto for opening and closing tl mould, an air motor atthe other end of the fran connected to said mould for moving the lattl relative to the cage, means for intermittent rotating the frame to invert and revert tl mould, and valve means timed to control tl flow of air to said motor to open and close tl mould during the periods of rest in the inte: mittent cycle of rotation of the frame.

26. A centrifugal glassware forming machii comprising a main drive shaft, a worm thereo a clutch connecting the shaft and worm, a 'slee journalled for rotation on a horizontal axis, worm follower on said sleeve in mesh with sa worm, a mould supported by said sleeve and ion nalled for rotation about an axis at right angl to the sleeve axis, a drive shaft for rotating tl mould disposed coaxially in the sleeve, a disc c said shaft, a frictiondriving wheel mounted fl relative movement into and out of driving rel: tion to the disc, means for moving the disc at wheel into driving relation to initiate rotation said shaft to spin the mould about its axis, ax means operating in timed relation-thereto f1 engaging said clutch to initiate movement said worm, said worm follower and said sleev 27. A centrifugal glassware forming machli comprising a main drive shaft, a worm thereo a clutch connecting the shaft and worm, a $186. journalledfor rotation on a horizontal axis, worm follower on said sleeve in mesh with sa worm, a mould supported by said sleeve a! journalled for rotation about an axis at rigl angles to the sleeve axis, a drive shaft for rotati the mould disposed coaxially in the sleeve, a di on said shaft, a friction driving wheel'mountq for relative movement into and out of drivii relation to the disc, cam means for controllii the position of said friction driving wheel to str and start rotation of the shaft and mould, ai additional cam operating means for controllii the transmission of rotation from s'aidmain sha through said worm and follower to rotate sa sleeve.

28. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that means are carried by sa worm follower for disengaging said clutch at pr determined times in the cycle of rotation of sa follower and of said sleeve, whereby the rotatit thereof is discontinued when the sleeve and t1 mould carried thereby have assumed accurate determined positions.

' 29. An apparatus in accordance withclaim 1 characterized in that abutment means are ca ried by saidworm follower for disengaging sa clutch at predetermined times in the cyclerotation of said follower and of said S168 whereby'the rotation thereof is discontinul when the sleeve and the mould carried there] have assumed accurately determined positior and characterized in that means driven by sa main drive shaft are provided for re-engagii said clutch after predetermined time interva SAMUEL E. WINDER. 

